Looking at the present trend of the rising diabetic population the projected numbers for diabetes in the Indian population is expected to touch 87 million by the year 2030. The highest predominance is detected in the metropolitan regions when compared to semi-urban and farm areas.
The Asian Indian phenotype is linked with higher risk and quicker onset for Type 2 diabetes. Talked about clinical features involve increased gut fat , serum triglycerides and low HDL-levels. Type 2 diabetes is a multi circumstance disorder, which implies that complicated exchange between genetic and environmental factors holds the etiology of this condition.
People clinically diagnosed with T2D complain of a lifetime burden in terms of daily medications, correlated liver, and kidney complications and dietary limitations. Since a bulk of T2D’s indications can be accomplished through epigenetic interference, physicians have started calling it a” lifestyle syndrome”.
Individuals of all the age groups, such as children, teenagers, adults, and old aged citizens are afflicted by diabetes these days. It is a well-known reality nowadays that in most cases if one or both the parents have diabetes, their children favor to develop diabetes someday in their life course. The most significant factor that, possibly, explains this feature correlates to ‘genes’.
Why genetic screening is a valuable tool – The chemistry behind the diabetic disease.
T2D is induced by reduced insulin secretion by the β islet cells of the pancreas. An important aspect, Insulin is a vital hormone for proper metabolic function and is a key ingredient of glucose homeostasis (state of balance).
While studying the mechanisms behind T2D evolution and physiology, experts have identified at least 20 relevant loci or gene locations which are linked with insulin function or insulin sensitivity. Single base irregularities in the sequence of these genes, called Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms build an individual’s chance for developing T2D.
Some of the genetic abnormalities are discussed below
Several types of genetic disorders, such as Down’s syndrome, magnify the risk of getting diabetes. Down’s syndrome is generated by a person having three copies of ‘chromosome 21’ instead of two copies. Down’s syndrome is also acknowledged as ‘Trisomy 21’.
Certain genes like KCNQ1 and KCNJ11 allow proteins which are present in the potassium ion channels of the pancreatic β cells, thereby performing a vital role in insulin secretion. PPARγ is located in the adipose tissue and the inappropriate gene function produces insulin resistance. This leads to metabolic diseases, diabetes among others. FTO gene output is a controller of fat storage, transport, and metabolism.
TCF7L2, HHEX-IDE, CDKAL1 and IGF2BP 2: Alterations in these genes have been observed in diabetic patients in Indian population. When insulin immunity develops, secretion by the β cells seems to not occur according to the level of insulin in the body, ending in an insufficiency of the hormone.
T2D-based studies have revealed to be constant across different races and ethnicities, for the genes mentioned above. Consequently, a screening system that investigates variations in these loci is useful to identify high-risk individuals, to promote early intervention or delay onset.
Though screening for all known abnormalities is a strenuous task and decreases accuracy. However, large-scale population studies in Indians and Caucasians have favorably clarified positive results to help narrow down causal variants which will render accurate risk scores.
Reference
If you are a type 2 or type 1 diabetic patient or at the benchmark of diabetic disease and want to get an insight of genetic reasons for your diabetic conditions, we have the best Diabetologist in Delhi Dr Mudit Sabharwal to sort out your queries and problems associated with genetic background of the disease.
Tags: Diabetes Disorder, diabetic diseaseCategorised in: Diabetes